What Is Universal Life Insurance?

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Updated: September 11, 2025

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Key Takeaways

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Universal life insurance allows you to adjust premiums and coverage amounts over time, making it more flexible than whole life.

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The policy's cash value can grow based on market performance, but poor returns may require higher out-of-pocket payments later.

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Unlike term life, universal life offers permanent coverage that works best for people who want long-term protection and are comfortable actively managing cash value to cover rising insurance costs.

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What is a Universal Life Insurance Policy?

Universal life insurance is a type of permanent life insurance that combines lifelong coverage with flexible premiums and a tax-deferred savings component. It's designed for people who want more control over how their policy works, such as how much they pay and how their cash value grows.

Unlike term life insurance, which provides temporary coverage, a universal life insurance policy offers permanent protection as long as you maintain adequate premium payments.

The key advantage is flexibility. You can adjust your premium payments and death benefit amounts within certain limits, making it adaptable to your changing financial situation.

How Does Universal Life Insurance Work?

Universal life insurance works by splitting your premium payments into two parts. When you pay premiums, a portion covers the cost of insurance (COI), while the remainder goes into a cash value account that earns interest.

  • Cost of Insurance (COI): This covers the actual life insurance costs, including mortality charges, administrative fees and other expenses for your death benefit.
  • Cash Value Component: The remaining amount goes into a cash value account, which earns interest based on the insurer's investment strategy, typically using stable vehicles like bonds. Over time, this account can grow, and you may be able to borrow against it or make withdrawals, depending on your policy's terms.

Universal Life Insurance Policy: Key Characteristics

Universal life insurance offers unique flexibility compared to other permanent life insurance types. Key features include:

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    Flexible Premiums

    You can adjust how much you pay. Increase premiums to grow cash value or reduce payments when money's tight.

    For example, if you're paying $300 monthly and receive a bonus, you might increase payments to $500 for several months to boost cash value. Conversely, during financial hardship, you could reduce payments to $150 monthly as long as your cash value covers the shortfall.

    This flexibility isn't available in traditional whole life policies.

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    Adjustable Death Benefit

    Coverage amounts can be increased or decreased (with insurer approval), allowing you to update your policy as your needs change.

    You might start with $250,000 coverage in your 30s, increase it to $500,000 when you have children, then reduce it to $100,000 in retirement when your mortgage is paid off and children are independent.

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    Investment Component

    Part of your premium goes into a cash value account that may grow based on market performance. This means you could see gains or losses depending on how your funds are managed.

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    Transparency

    Costs, fees and performance metrics are broken out in detail, so you can see exactly how your policy is performing and what you’re being charged.

This adjustable structure appeals to people who want control over their life insurance as their financial situation evolves.

How Much Is Universal Life Insurance?

If you're considering universal life insurance, you're likely weighing the higher costs against the lifelong coverage and investment benefits.

Universal life insurance does cost more than term life (and often more than whole life). This is because it combines lifelong coverage with an investment component. But unlike whole life, your premiums are flexible and can change over time based on your policy's performance.

Based on MoneyGeek's analysis, the average cost of a $500,000 universal life policy is $294 per month or approximately $3,528 per year for a 40-year-old male nonsmoker. The table below highlights average rates for different ages and coverage levels.

Data filtered by:Results filtered by:
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Age:40
Select
Gender:Female
$50,000$25$305
$100,000$51$610
$150,000$76$915
$200,000$102$1,220
$250,000$127$1,525
$300,000$152$1,829
$350,000$178$2,134
$400,000$203$2,439
$450,000$229$2,744
$500,000$254$3,049
$550,000$280$3,354
$600,000$305$3,659
$650,000$330$3,964
$700,000$356$4,269
$750,000$381$4,574
$800,000$407$4,878
$850,000$432$5,183
$900,000$457$5,488
$950,000$483$5,793
$1,000,000$508$6,098
$1,500,000$762$9,147
$2,500,000$1,270$15,245

*The life insurance costs above are based on average quotes for nonsmokers with average weight and health ratings. Actual rates will vary depending on your profile, lifestyle, health, location and insurer underwriting guidelines.

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Universal Life Insurance Cost: Relevant Factors

Universal life insurance typically costs more than term life (and often more than whole life) because it combines lifelong coverage with an investment component. But unlike whole life, your premiums are flexible and can change over time based on how your policy performs. The cost of a universal life policy is influenced by several personal and policy-level factors:

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    Age

    The younger you are when you buy, the lower your premiums. Age directly impacts the insurer’s risk and your policy’s long-term cost.

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    Health

    Chronic conditions, family medical history and lifestyle habits affect your policy’s internal mortality charges and how much you'll pay over time.

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    Death Benefit Amount

    Higher death benefits mean higher premiums. You can adjust your benefit later, but increasing it often requires underwriting approval.

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    Investment Performance

    Poor investment returns can reduce your cash value, forcing you to pay more out of pocket to keep the policy in force. Strong returns may help cover future premiums.

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    Policy Features

    Add-ons like no-lapse guarantees, long-term care riders, or choosing indexed or variable cash value strategies can raise your premiums.

Universal life lets you invest your policy’s cash value and potentially use it to pay premiums, but if that value underperforms, you'll need to cover the shortfall. Missed payments or poor policy management can lead to higher costs or even a lapse in coverage.

Before buying, weigh your financial goals, risk tolerance and how involved you want to be in managing your policy. Universal life offers long-term flexibility, but that flexibility comes at a price and requires more hands-on oversight than other types of life insurance.

Universal Life Insurance Pros and Cons

Universal life insurance gives you more flexibility than whole life, with the potential for higher returns. But that flexibility comes with trade-offs you should understand.

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Benefits of Universal Life Insurance
  • Flexible Premiums: You can adjust how much and when you pay after the first premium. This allows you to tailor payments to your financial situation, unlike fixed-payment whole life policies.
  • Cash Value Can Help Cover Future Premiums: Paying more in the early years can build cash value that may help cover rising insurance costs later. This front-loading strategy can help keep the policy affordable as you age.
  • Investment Control Options: Some policies let you choose where to allocate your cash value, such as fixed interest accounts or equity-indexed strategies, giving you a say in how your money grows.
  • No Cap on Returns: Unlike whole life, universal life policies often don't cap returns. In a strong market, your cash value could grow faster, though returns aren't guaranteed.
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Drawbacks of Universal Life Insurance
  • Higher Risk of Lapse Without Monitoring: Premium flexibility comes with responsibility. If you underpay or stop tracking cash value, the policy can lapse, especially without a no-lapse guarantee.
  • Market Risk and Conservative Growth: Returns depend on market performance or interest rates, which may be low or unstable. You could lose value or see slow growth despite paying regularly.
  • Uncertain Long-Term Costs: As you age, the cost of insurance rises. If you haven't built enough cash value early on, maintaining the policy could become unaffordable later.
  • Strict No-Lapse Conditions: Policies with a no-lapse guarantee may cancel if you miss a payment by even one day, making them less forgiving than they appear.

Who Should Get Universal Life Insurance?

Universal life insurance can be a smart option for those who want lifelong coverage with flexibility in premiums and potential investment growth. But it requires regular monitoring to avoid policy lapse, unless it includes a no-lapse guarantee. Here are the types of buyers who may benefit most from this kind of policy:

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    Young, Newlywed Couples

    Young couples often qualify for low rates and have time to build cash value. With a life insurance for couples policy, they can make larger payments early, then reduce premiums or increase the death benefit as their family grows. Cash value can also help cover child care or other family expenses.

    Decision Framework: Choose universal life if you can afford higher premiums early and want investment growth potential beyond basic coverage needs.

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    Business Owners

    Business owners can choose the universal life policy that best suits their goals. The savvy investor could pick an indexed universal policy or variable universal life policy to get fast cash value growth and use the value to pay premiums down the line. They could also use the cash value to finance business expenses or pay for more life insurance.

    Decision Framework: Choose universal life if you want tax-deferred cash value growth and plan to use the policy for business financing or estate planning purposes.

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    Sole Financial Providers

    Sole providers keep their families financially afloat. A universal life policy's flexibility can allow premium adjustments that help families weather financial hardships while the sole financial provider is still alive.

    Decision Framework: Essential if family depends entirely on your income and you need coverage flexibility during financial stress periods.

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    Individuals With Significant Debts

    The more debt someone has, the greater their need for life insurance. The flexibility in universal life policies means that as debts get paid down, policyholders can decrease their death benefits and save on premiums. With an index universal or variable universal policy, you can use the cash value growth to pay off debt faster.

    Decision Framework: Choose universal life if you have substantial debt but expect to pay it down over time, allowing you to reduce coverage and premiums as your financial obligations decrease.

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    Stay-at-Home Parents

    Stay-at-home parents may benefit from life insurance as their role in the home would be costly to replace. As needs change and the family expands, a universal life policy’s flexibility can match those needs. If the stay-at-home parent passes away, the death benefit from this policy can allow the working parent to choose to stay home or return to work. You can also use the policy's cash value for debts or expenses, or to pay premiums.
     

    Decision Framework: Essential if your household services would be expensive to replace and you need coverage that adapts as children grow and become self-sufficient.

Universal Life Policy: Financial Qualification Assessment

Before considering universal life insurance, evaluate your financial foundation to ensure you can sustain the policy long-term.

Income Stability Requirements

Universal life insurance depends on consistent premium payments that may last decades. Your household income should reliably cover premiums without reducing your quality of life. Consider whether you have:

  • Stable income from employment, business ownership or investments
  • Potential for income growth to handle rising insurance costs with age
  • A financial buffer to maintain payments during economic downturns

Financial Readiness Checklist

Certain financial milestones should be in place before committing to a universal life policy:

  • Emergency fund: At least six months of living expenses in accessible accounts
  • High-interest debt: Credit cards and personal loans paid off
  • Retirement contributions: Regular contributions to a retirement plan (401(k), IRA or equivalent) at least up to the employer match or tax-advantaged limit
  • Premium affordability: Capacity to pay more than the minimum required premium to build cash value and reduce lapse risk

Establishing this foundation helps ensure your policy remains sustainable. Without it, you risk surrendering the policy during financial stress, which can lead to losses and possible tax consequences.

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WHO SHOULD AVOID UNIVERSAL LIFE INSURANCE?

Universal life insurance isn't appropriate for everyone. Skip this coverage if you:

  • Have a limited income that barely covers essential expenses
  • Carry high-interest debt like credit cards or personal loans
  • Need only temporary coverage for specific debts or time periods
  • Prefer simple products without ongoing management requirements
  • Can't afford the above-minimum premiums needed to prevent policy lapse

Universal Life Insurance vs. Term

When comparing universal life insurance vs. term life, the main difference is flexibility and duration. Term life insurance provides affordable, time-limited coverage, while universal life offers lifetime protection with investment potential.

Feature
Term Life Insurance
Universal Life Insurance

Coverage Length

Fixed term (e.g., 10, 20 or 30 years)

Lifetime coverage as long as premiums are paid

Premiums

Low and fixed for the term

Higher, but flexible; can adjust over time

Cash Value

None

Builds cash value over time; can be used or borrowed against

Complexity

Simple and straightforward

More complex; requires active management

Best For

Temporary needs like income replacement or mortgage protection

Long-term planning, wealth building or estate strategies

Term life insurance works well for people who need coverage for a set period and want to keep costs low. Universal life may be better suited for those looking for permanent protection, flexible premiums, and the potential to build cash value over time, as long as they're comfortable managing a more complex policy.

Universal Life Insurance vs. Whole Life

Whole life and universal life are both types of permanent life insurance, meaning they offer lifelong coverage and a cash value component. But they differ in flexibility, investment options and cost structure.

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Universal Life Insurance
  • Flexible Premiums: You can adjust how much and when you pay, within policy limits.
  • Adjustable Death Benefit: You may increase or decrease coverage as your needs change (with approval).
  • Cash Value Linked to Market Rates: Growth depends on interest rates or market performance; returns are not guaranteed.
  • Requires Ongoing Monitoring: You’ll need to track performance to avoid lapses and manage rising costs over time.
  • Best For: People who want long-term protection with control over payments and investments, and are comfortable with added complexity.
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Whole Life Insurance
  • Fixed Premiums: You pay the same amount for life, which helps with long-term budgeting.
  • Guaranteed Cash Value Growth: Cash value grows at a steady, insurer-set rate, with minimal risk.
  • Simple Structure: Easy to understand with no ongoing management required.
  • Dividends (if participating): Some whole life policies from mutual insurers may pay annual dividends.
  • Best For: People who want predictable costs, guaranteed growth and a hands-off policy.

Universal life works well for people who want long-term coverage with flexibility, especially those comfortable managing investment risk and using life insurance as part of a broader financial strategy. Whole life may be better for those who value predictability, want guaranteed growth, and prefer a policy they don’t have to actively manage.

Types of Universal Life Insurance

Universal life insurance comes in several variations, each offering different levels of flexibility, risk and guarantees. The right choice depends on your financial goals, investment knowledge and how much oversight you're willing to maintain.

Traditional (Non-Guaranteed) Universal Life

This is the most basic and generally the least expensive form of universal life insurance. It offers flexible premiums, adjustable death benefits and a modest cash value component.

It doesn't include any guarantees, meaning the policy can lapse (terminate without value) if cash value drops too low or premiums are underfunded. This option works well for those who are looking to save on premiums and are prepared to monitor the policy to ensure it stays active.

  • Best for: Budget-conscious buyers who can actively monitor their policy
  • Risk level: Medium
  • Cash value growth: Fixed interest rates based on the insurer’s portfolio

No-Lapse Guaranteed Universal Life (GUL)

Guaranteed universal life provides long-term coverage with the added security of a no-lapse guarantee, as long as you pay the required minimum premiums on time. Cash value growth is minimal, but the trade-off is a policy that stays in force without needing frequent monitoring. This type is best for those who want the flexibility of UL but prefer a set-it-and-forget-it structure.

  • Best for: Estate planning, mortgage protection or individuals who prioritize guaranteed coverage
  • Risk level: Low
  • Cash value growth: Minimal to none, primarily focused on maintaining the death benefit guarantee

Indexed Universal Life (IUL)

IUL policies link your cash value growth to the performance of a market index (like the S&P 500). While your money isn’t directly invested in the market, returns are based on index movement, with a guaranteed minimum (often 0%-1%) and a cap on gains.

IUL offers the potential for faster cash value growth than traditional UL, but results vary and depend on long-term index performance. It also comes with risk. If the policy underperforms or is underfunded, it could lapse. IUL is better suited for people who are comfortable with market trends or working with a financial advisor.

  • Best for: Retirement planning, tax-advantaged cash accumulation and buyers with moderate risk tolerance
  • Risk level: Medium
  • Cash value growth: Market-linked with downside protection and capped upside potential

Variable Universal Life (VUL)

VUL policies allow you to invest your cash value directly in a range of sub-accounts, including stocks, bonds and money markets. This gives you the most growth potential, but also the highest risk. Poor investment performance can cause the policy to lapse or require large additional payments to keep it active. Ongoing investment management fees and insurance charges can also reduce returns.

VUL appeals to experienced investors seeking long-term tax-deferred growth, but it demands active management and tolerance for volatility.

  • Best for: Investment professionals, high-net-worth individuals and experienced investors who are comfortable managing portfolios
  • Risk level: High
  • Cash value growth: Depends entirely on direct market performance, offering both greater opportunity and greater exposure to losses

Universal Life Insurance Policies: Common Riders

Enhancing a universal life insurance policy with riders can provide additional security and flexibility to meet changing life circumstances. Riders allow you to customize your policy, offering benefits that can be pivotal during unforeseen events. Here are some common riders available for universal life insurance:

  • Accelerated Death Benefit Rider: Allows early access to part of the death benefit if the policyholder is diagnosed with a terminal illness, providing financial relief when needed.
  • Waiver of Premium Rider: Should you become disabled and unable to work, this rider waives premiums, ensuring your coverage continues without financial strain.
  • Guaranteed Insurability Rider: Offers the option to purchase additional insurance at certain intervals without further medical examination, securing your ability to increase coverage as life changes.
  • Child Term Rider: Adds temporary life insurance for your children on your policy. This can be converted into a permanent policy for them in the future without the need for a medical exam.
  • Long-Term Care Rider: If you require long-term care, this rider allows access to the death benefit to cover these costs, which can help effectively manage policy costs during difficult times.

These riders add protection and flexibility, making universal life policies a comprehensive tool for long-term financial planning.

How to Buy Universal Life Insurance

Getting universal life insurance requires careful planning and evaluation. This step-by-step process helps you secure appropriate coverage while avoiding common mistakes that could lead to policy problems later.

  1. 1

    Calculate Your Coverage Needs

    Before shopping for universal life insurance, determine how much coverage your family needs and how long you'll need it. Use income replacement (multiply annual income by 10-12 years), debt coverage (mortgage, loans, credit cards) and future expenses (children's education, final costs) to calculate your total need. Universal life works best when you need coverage for decades, not just temporary protection. Try our life insurance calculator to quickly assess your coverage needs and get sample quotes.

  2. 2

    Choose Your Universal Life Type

    Select the universal life variant that matches your risk tolerance and financial goals.

    • Want guarantees? Choose guaranteed universal life.
    • Comfortable with market risk? Consider variable universal life.
    • Want growth with protection? Select indexed universal life.
    • Need basic flexibility? Traditional universal life may work best.

    Review each type's features carefully, as switching later can be expensive.

  3. 3

    Shop and Compare Quotes

    Get quotes from multiple highly-rated insurance companies to compare coverage options and premiums. Request coverage amounts, premium options, policy illustrations showing cash value projections, company financial strength ratings (AM Best A- or higher) and available riders. Compare beyond just premium costs to evaluate policy flexibility, company reputation and long-term projections.

  4. 4

    Complete the Application Process

    Universal life insurance applications require detailed personal and financial information, including personal details, medical history, financial information and beneficiary designations. Be thorough and honest with all information, as incomplete or inaccurate details can delay approval or void coverage later.

  5. 5

    Schedule Your Medical Exam

    Most universal life policies require a medical exam, especially for larger coverage amounts. Schedule when you're well-rested, avoid caffeine and alcohol beforehand, bring identification and fast 8-12 hours if blood work is required. The exam includes height, weight, blood pressure, pulse, blood and urine samples, plus basic health questions.

  6. 6

    Review and Accept Your Policy

    Once approved, review your policy documents before accepting coverage. Verify the coverage amount and beneficiaries are correct, premium payment schedule matches your preferences, policy type and features match your application, and grace periods are clearly stated. Contact your agent immediately if anything differs from your expectations.

  7. 7

    Set Up Premium Payments

    Choose reliable premium payment methods to prevent accidental policy lapse. Automatic bank draft is the most reliable method, while credit cards offer convenience but may have processing fees. Annual payments are often cheaper than monthly payments with discounts. Set up monitoring to track payments and policy performance.

  8. 8

    Implement Ongoing Management

    Universal life insurance requires active management throughout the policy's life. Review annually to evaluate policy performance against original illustrations, adjust premiums based on cash value growth and costs, update beneficiaries after major life changes and monitor your insurance company's financial strength ratings. Contact your agent or a fee-only financial advisor if policy performance falls behind projections.

Common Application Mistakes to Avoid

  1. Underestimating Premium Needs: Don't choose minimum premiums expecting the policy to sustain itself through cash value growth alone.
  2. Ignoring Health Issues: Disclose all medical conditions honestly, as undisclosed problems can void coverage.
  3. Overlooking Policy Management: Universal life isn't " set-it-and-forget-it" insurance. It requires ongoing attention.
  4. Choosing the Wrong Company: Select insurers with strong financial ratings and good customer service records.
  5. Rushing the Decision: Take time to understand your policy's features, costs and long-term commitments before signing.

Timeline Expectations

Expect 4-8 weeks from application to approval for standard cases. Medical exam scheduling takes 1-2 weeks after application, underwriting review requires 2-4 weeks after the completed exam, and policy delivery needs 1-2 weeks after approval. Complex cases involving high coverage amounts or medical issues may take 2-3 months to complete.

Universal Life Policy Management

Managing your universal life policy requires regular monitoring and adjustments to help keep your coverage on track, prevent policy lapse and maximize cash value growth over time.

  1. 1

    Annual Policy Review Checklist

    Review your annual statement to verify cash value growth rates, compare actual performance against projections, and confirm your death benefit still meets your needs. Check if premium payments remain adequate to cover the increasing cost of insurance charges, especially as you age. Evaluate whether your beneficiary designations are current and reflect any major life changes like marriage, divorce, or new children.

  2. 2

    Warning Signs of Policy Underperformance

    Watch for declining cash values, which indicate premiums aren't covering costs. If your policy's projected lapse date moves closer, you'll need to increase payments. Interest crediting rates consistently below 3% suggest poor performance compared to market alternatives. Rising cost of insurance charges without corresponding premium adjustments can drain cash value quickly.

  3. 3

    Cash Value Optimization Strategies

    Make additional premium payments during high-earning years to build cash value reserves. Consider reducing death benefits if your insurance needs have decreased, which lowers the cost of insurance charges. Time major withdrawals carefully to avoid depleting cash value during market downturns.

  4. 4

    Policy Lapse Prevention

    Set up automatic premium payments to avoid missed payments. Maintain cash value reserves equal to at least two years of the cost of insurance charges. Schedule annual policy reviews with your insurance agent to identify potential issues before they become critical.

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Universal Life Coverage: Bottom Line

Universal life insurance combines permanent coverage with flexible premiums and an investment component. It gives policyholders more control than whole life, but also introduces more complexity and risk.

This type of policy may work well if you want long-term protection and are comfortable managing cash value performance over time. Before buying, make sure the potential benefits align with your financial goals and your willingness to monitor and adjust your policy as needed.

Universal Life Insurance Explained: FAQ

Have questions about universal life insurance? We've got answers.

What is universal life insurance?

How does universal life insurance work?

What are the two components of a universal policy?

How much is universal life insurance?

Do universal life insurance premiums increase with age?

Can you cash out a universal life insurance policy?

What happens to the cash value in a universal life policy when the policyholder dies?

What are the disadvantages of universal life insurance?

Is universal life insurance a good investment strategy?

What is a guaranteed universal life insurance?

Who should buy indexed universal life insurance?

How much does indexed universal life insurance cost?

Should you choose term or permanent life insurance?

What is the difference between whole life and universal life insurance?

Which is better: whole life or universal life insurance?

What is the type of insurance in the insurance component of a universal life policy?

What type of premium do both universal life and variable universal life policies have?

Is universal life insurance term or whole?

What is the difference between term and universal life insurance?

Universal Life Insurance Quotes: Our Review Methodology

To help readers understand the cost and value of universal life insurance, MoneyGeek used a consistent, data-backed approach across multiple insurers and policy types.

Why You Can Trust MoneyGeek

We gathered and reviewed 248,399 life insurance quotes and policy details using a standardized evaluation system. Our scoring incorporated pricing and product features to identify insurers offering flexibility, financial strength and broad consumer value.

Data Recency

All pricing, product information and company data were last updated in 2025.

How We Rated Universal Life Insurance Companies

We used a three-part scoring model to evaluate universal life insurance providers. Each company received up to five points per category, which we weighted based on the following scores to get a final MoneyGeek score out of 100.

  • Affordability: 50%
  • Customer Experience: 30%
  • Coverage Options: 20%

What Our Scores Include:

Quote data for universal life products

  • AM Best ratings and insurer longevity
  • Complaint data from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, J.D. Power and other customer reviews
  • Online application and policy management features
  • Availability of product types, including traditional UL, IUL, VUL and no-lapse guaranteed UL

Sample Customer Profile Used for Quotes

We collected quotes using a default profile of a 40-year-old male, nonsmoker, in average health, 5'9", 160 lbs. We also adjusted quotes by age, gender, health rating and coverage amount to reflect different consumer needs.

How We Handled the Data

We analyzed pricing trends and policy structures across the dataset to surface the most competitive and reliable offerings. While actual quotes will vary by individual, our process reflects real-world pricing patterns and product differences.

Universal Life Insurance: Related Articles

About Mark Fitzpatrick

Mark Fitzpatrick headshot

Mark Fitzpatrick, a Licensed Property and Casualty Insurance Producer, is MoneyGeek's resident Personal Finance Expert. With over five years of experience analyzing the insurance market, he conducts original research and creates tailored content for all types of buyers. His insights have been featured in publications like CNBC, NBC News and Mashable.

Fitzpatrick holds a master’s degree in economics and international relations from Johns Hopkins University and a bachelor’s degree from Boston College. He's also a five-time Jeopardy champion!

Passionate about economics and insurance, he aims to promote transparency in financial topics and empower others to make confident money decisions.

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