Yes, you can buy travel insurance after booking your trip. Travel insurance companies let you purchase coverage right up until the day before departure, but timing affects what coverage you'll get. Basic trip cancellation, medical coverage, and evacuation benefits are available regardless of when you buy, but the most valuable protections require early purchase.
The best time to buy travel insurance is within 14 to 21 days of making your first trip payment. This timing gives you the most comprehensive protection and gives you access to enhanced benefits like pre-existing condition waivers and Cancel for Any Reason coverage that aren't available if you wait.