Combating Ageism in Health Care

Ageism is a widespread but underestimated prejudice that considerably impacts health care delivery. Whether overt or implicit, age discrimination compromises health care by resulting in under or over-treatment. Furthermore, a 2020 study found that ageism against older individuals imposes a $63 billion annual burden on the health care system.

Fighting ageism is at the core of promoting an equitable, compassionate health care system. If you're an older adult experiencing ageism in health care, recognizing and knowing how to combat it can help you protect your rights.

Ageism encompasses stereotypes, prejudices and discriminatory actions based on an individual's age or the process of aging. In health care, this often manifests as discrimination against older adults, affecting both the overt and subtle aspects of care delivery.

These discriminatory practices can be overt — such as denying essential treatments because of a patient's age — or implicit — where age-related biases influence clinical decisions. For example, symptoms of a severe condition might be dismissed as "part of getting older," leading to delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatment.

Federal law bans age discrimination in any program or activity that receives federal funds. This regulation includes health care programs funded by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), which cannot deny, restrict or limit services to someone because of their age. However, this rule does not apply to employment issues.

Whether ageism in health care is overt or subtle, it compromises patient care and reinforces harmful stereotypes about aging. Understanding these examples can help you recognize and address ageism effectively:

There are specific contexts in which treating people differently based on age is justified and necessary. These situations are generally accepted when age serves as a proxy for another characteristic essential to the goals of the service or program. You can learn more about instances where differential treatment based on age is reasonable through the Health Resources and Services Administration's guidelines.

The consequences of ageism are severe and adversely affect patient outcomes. It can result in unmet health care needs, reduced quality of life and higher mortality rates among older adults. Furthermore, ageism can damage the patient-provider relationship, leading to miscommunication and distrust. The effects of ageism may include:

Although systemic changes are necessary, individuals also hold significant power in addressing ageism. If you're experiencing age discrimination in health care, it's important to speak up. Ask for second opinions if you're uncomfortable with the care you're receiving. You can also contact your hospital or doctor's office to raise concerns. Here are actionable steps:

Several policies aim to address ageism, focusing on health care inequity and support for older adults. By familiarizing yourself with these policies, you can better understand your rights and the efforts to ensure equitable care for people of all ages.

Age Discrimination Act of 1975

This act prohibits age-based discrimination in programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance, including health care services. It aims to ensure equal access to health care for individuals of all ages, fostering an environment of inclusivity.

Older Americans Act (OAA)

The OAA focuses on providing resources and support to older adults, ranging from nutrition programs to caregiver support. This act significantly improves health care accessibility and quality for older Americans, advocating for integrating these services into a holistic health care plan.

We've compiled a list of reputable sources to support those looking to understand more about ageism and resources related to aging.

• AARP: This is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization that empowers people to choose how they live as they age, offering resources on health, employment, retirement planning and combating ageism.
• Administration for Community Living: It provides information on services and programs designed to help older adults maintain their independence and thrive in their communities.
• American Society on Aging: This society focuses on enhancing the knowledge and skills of those working with older adults and their families, offering educational resources and information on ageism.
• Eldercare Locator: This public service connects older Americans and their caregivers with information on senior services.
• National Institute on Aging (NIA): The NIA offers a wide range of information on healthy aging, research updates and tips for living a healthier life as you age.