Best No Foreign Transaction Fee Credit Cards

We love the Delta SkyMiles® Blue American Express Card for more than its no-annual-fee feature. This card lets you earn 2X miles on restaurants worldwide and Delta purchases. All other purchases come with 1X miles.

An welcome offer gives you the ability to earn 10,000 bonus miles. All you need to do is spend at least $1000 on purchases within the first six months.

This card comes with no international transaction fees, which makes it perfect for use when traveling overseas. Other travel benefits include earning 20% as a statement credit when you use your card on eligible Delta in-flight purchases and complimentary car rental loss and damage insurance.

Cardholders also stand to benefit through purchase and fraud protection in different scenarios.

Pros

• No annual fees
• Earn 10,000 bonus miles if you spend $1000 on purchases in the first six months
• Earn 2X miles on Delta purchases and restaurants worldwide
• Earn 1X miles on all other purchases
• Redeem points for air travel, seat upgrades and Delta gift cards
• No blackout dates when redeeming points for Delta flights
• 20% back on eligible in-flight Delta purchases
• Pay no foreign transaction fees
• Car rental loss and damage insurance
• Purchase protection and extended warranty to safeguard your purchases
• Access to American Express Experiences
• Get emergency assistance through the Global Assist Hotline
• Fraud protection safeguards you from misuse of your card

• $0 annual fee
• 2X miles on Delta purchases
• 2X miles on dining at restaurants worldwide and on takeout and deliveries in the U.S.
• 1X miles on all other purchases
• Earn 10,000 bonus miles upon spending $1000 on purchases in the first six months
• Redeem your SkyMiles for air travel to more than 1,000 destinations
• Redeem for seat upgrades and Delta gift cards
• Reduce the cost of your flight by up to $50 for every 5,000 miles you redeem through the Pay with Miles program
• No foreign transaction fees
• Get complimentary car rental loss and damage insurance
• Get purchase protection and an extended warranty
• Use the 24/7 Global Assist Hotline for emergency assistance and coordination services
• Fraud protection protects you from fraudulent transactions
• American Express Experiences gives you access to ticket presales and Card Member-only events.

Disclaimer: Credit card offers are constantly changing. We work hard to stay updated with the latest information, but the offers listed on our site may no longer be available.

We love the Capital One Venture Rewards Credit Card because of its generous early spend bonus offer and the flexibility it provides in redeeming earned miles. New cardholders stand to earn 75,000 bonus miles if they spend $4,000 on purchases in the first three months.

All purchases made using this card earn 2X miles, and there is no cap on the number of miles you may earn. Hotel and rental car bookings made through Capital One Travel come with 5X miles. Adding an authorized user gives you the means to earn miles sooner, and you don’t have to pay an added fee. The $95 annual fee applies only to the primary card.

You may transfer the miles you earn to over 15 travel loyalty programs such as Air France Flying Blue, Air Canada Aeroplan and British Airways Avios. You get to redeem your miles in other ways as well.

Using this card outside of the U.S. works well as it comes with no foreign transaction fees. Travelers may also benefit through Global Entry/TSA PreCheck credit, travel accident insurance, auto rental collision damage waiver and 24/7 travel assistance services.

Extended warranty safeguards your purchases. $0 fraud liability provides protection against fraudulent transactions.

Pros

• Earn an early spend bonus of 75,000 miles by spending $4,000 on purchases within the first three months
• Earn 2X miles per $1
• Transfer miles to different airline loyalty programs
• Redeem miles in various other ways
• No foreign transaction fees
• Receive Global Entry/TSA PreCheck credit

• Earn 75,000 miles as an early spend bonus if you spend at least $4,000 on purchases within three months from account opening.
• Earn 2X miles per dollar on all purchases.
• Earn 5X miles per dollar on hotels and rental cars booked through Capital One Travel.
• Transfer your miles to Accor Live Limitless, Aeromexico Club Premier, Air France KLM Flying Blue, Air Canada Aeroplan, Asia Miles, Avianca LifeMiles, British Airways Avios, Emirates Skywards, Etihad Guest, Infinity MileageLands, Finnair Plus, Qantas Frequent Flyer, Singapore Airlines KrisFlyer, TAP Air Portugal Miles&Go or Turkish Airlines Miles&Smiles.
• Redeem your rewards with PayPal, at Amazon.com or through Capital One Shopping.
• Get a $100 statement credit toward Global Entry/TSA PreCheck fees every four years.
• Pay no foreign transaction fees.
• Get complimentary travel accident insurance, auto rental collision damage waiver and extended warranty.
• Get access to premier culinary experiences as well as various music and sports events.
• Get protection against unauthorized charges made using your card through $0 fraud liability.
• Setting up autopay is possible.
• Getting additional cards for authorized users comes with no added fee.

Disclaimer: Credit card offers are constantly changing. We work hard to stay updated with the latest information, but the offers listed on our site may no longer be available.

The Hilton Honors American Express Surpass® Card is a fantastic option for people who stay at Hilton properties frequently. This card offers 12X points on purchases at properties in the Hilton portfolio, 6X points on dining at U.S. restaurants, supermarkets, and gas stations, and 3X points on all other eligible purchases.

New cardholders can earn a welcome bonus of 150,000 points if they spend $3,000 on purchases in the first six months. The offer expires on 04/05/2023.

With this card, you’ll receive complimentary Hilton Honors Gold status and stand to earn Hilton Honors Diamond status by spending $40,000 on purchases in a calendar year.

While the card does charge an annual fee, $0 intro annual fee for the first year, then $95 after that, it comes with no foreign transaction fees, making it perfect to use outside the U.S.

Other key benefits include an annual spend-based weekend night reward, complimentary airport lounge visits, and car rental loss and damage insurance.

Pros

• Opportunities for significant bonus points
• Get Hilton Honors Gold status automatically
• High reward rates across different categories
• Spend-based weekend reward night
• Pay no foreign transaction fees
• Access to American Express Experiences
• Additional cards

• Spend $3,000 on purchases in the first six months to earn 150,000 bonus points.
• Spend at properties within the Hilton portfolio to earn 12X points per dollar.
• Spend at U.S. gas stations, U.S. supermarkets and U.S. restaurants to earn 6X points per dollar.
• Earn 3X points per dollar on all other purchases.
• Redeem your reward points for free nights, VIP access to events, Lyft rides, shopping at Amazon.com and Hilton Honors' online mall or car rentals.
• Can convert your points to miles with the program’s airline partners or share them with other Hilton Honors members.
• Qualify for a free Hilton Honors weekend night reward from if you spend $15,000 on eligible purchases in a calendar year.
• Get 10 complimentary airport lounge visits every 12 months by enrolling in the Priority Pass Select program.
• Get automatic Hilton Honors Gold status with your new card. If you spend $40,000 on eligible purchases in a calendar year, you stand to get Hilton Honors Diamond status, which remains valid for a year.
• Fraud protection offers safeguard against possible misuse of your card.
• Get access to American Express features such as Send & Split and Pay It Plan It.

Disclaimer: Credit card offers are constantly changing. We work hard to stay updated with the latest information, but the offers listed on our site may no longer be available.

We recommend the Costco Anywhere Visa® Card by Citi to Costco members who want to earn higher than usual cash back across specific categories. You earn 4% cash back on the first $7,000 you spend toward eligible gas purchases (including gas at Costco), 3% cash back on restaurants and eligible travel purchases, and 2% cash back on all other purchases from Costco and Costco.com.

You pay no annual fee to use this card. It’s ideal for use outside of the U.S. too, as it comes with no foreign transaction fee. Damage and theft protection work as a safeguard for purchases made using this card. Cardholders also get access to Citi Entertainment.

Pros

• Generous reward program for gas purchases, travel and restaurant expenses
• No foreign transaction fees
• No annual fee for Costco members
• Purchase protection for all purchases made using this card

• Earn 4% cash back on eligible gas for the first $7,000 per year and then 1% thereafter
• Earn 3% cash back on restaurants and eligible travel purchases
• Earn 2% cash back on Costco and Costco.com purchases
• Get purchase protection on all your purchases
• Get cash back as an annual credit card reward certificate redeemable for cash or merchandise at any U.S. Costco warehouse

Disclaimer: Credit card offers are constantly changing. We work hard to stay updated with the latest information, but the offers listed on our site may no longer be available.

We recommend the Delta SkyMiles Platinum American Express Card to people who fly with Delta frequently. While this card comes with a $250 annual fee, it offers a number of Delta- and SkyMiles-specific benefits.

A welcome offer gives you the ability to earn 90,000 bonus miles by spending $4,000 on purchases in the first six months. The offer expires on 03/29/2023. All purchases made directly with Delta earn 3X miles, as do hotel bookings made directly with hotels. A couple of categories come with 2X miles and all others with 1X miles.

Cardholders may check their first bags on Delta flights for free, and they receive one domestic main cabin round-trip companion certificate every year. You also get a fee credit for Global Entry/TSA PreCheck. Using this card outside of the U.S. makes sense as it comes with no foreign transaction fees.

Cardholders stand to benefit through different travel insurance coverage and purchase protection.

Pros

• Generous welcome offer
• Up to 3X miles per $1 on category-based spending (Delta purchases come with 3X miles)
• Free first checked bag on Delta flights
• Get to the next Medallion membership status faster
• Exclusive rate for Delta Sky Club access
• 20% back as a statement credit on eligible Delta in-flight purchases
• Statement credit toward Global Entry/TSA PreCheck
• No foreign transaction fees
• Complimentary travel insurance and purchase protection

• Earn 90,000 bonus miles by spending $4,000 on purchases in the first six months. The offer expires on 03/29/2023.
• Earn 3X miles on purchases made directly with Delta and on hotel bookings made directly with hotels.
• Earn 2X miles on dining at restaurants, including takeout and delivery, as well as on groceries at U.S. supermarkets.
• All other purchases come with 1X miles.
• Redeem your miles for flight rewards and seat upgrades on Delta flights
• Redeem your miles for flights with partner airlines such as KLM, Virgin Atlantic, Air France, Aeromexico and Hawaiian Airlines when booked through Delta.
• Use your miles to get Delta Sky Club membership, buy Delta gift cards or pay for Delta vacations.
• Transfer your miles to friends or family, donate them to charity or use them to pay for magazine subscriptions.
• Check your first bag for free on Delta flights.
• Get a complimentary domestic main cabin round-trip companion certificate for use on Delta flights each year.
• Earn up to $100 as a statement credit toward Global Entry/TSA PreCheck fees once every four/four and a half years.
• Get access to Delta Sky Club locations at a special rate of $39 per person per visit for you and up to two guests.
• Earn 20% back as a statement credit on eligible Delta in-flight purchases, including food, drinks and headsets.
• International transactions come with no foreign transaction fees.
• Stand to benefit through car rental loss and damage insurance, baggage insurance, trip delay insurance, purchase protection and extended warranty.

Disclaimer: Credit card offers are constantly changing. We work hard to stay updated with the latest information, but the offers listed on our site may no longer be available.

We love the no-annual-fee Capital One SavorOne Cash Rewards Credit Cardbecause it gives you the ability to earn unlimited 3% cash back across different categories and 1% cash back on all others. New cardholders stand to earn a $200 early spend bonus, provided they spend $500 on purchases in the first three months. Being able to redeem your cash back in multiple ways is a definite plus.

An introductory 0% APR offer on purchases and balance transfers for the first 15 months, then a variable APR of 17.99% - 27.99% thereafter may lead to reasonable savings.

Using this card during your international travels is perfect because it comes with no foreign transaction fees.

Cardholders also stand to benefit through complimentary travel accident insurance and travel assistance services.

Pros

• No annual fees
• Earn 3% cash back on entertainment, dining, popular streaming services and at grocery stores
• Earn 1% cash back on all other purchases
• Earn 8% cash back when you book tickets through Vivid Seats
• Earn a $200 cash bonus if you spend $500 on purchases within the first three months
• Earn cash back that does not expire for the life of the card
• Redeem cash back in the form of a statement credit or a check
• You may also use your cash back rewards through PayPal and Amazon.com
• Pay no foreign transaction fees
• Get complimentary extended warranty, travel accident insurance, 24-hour travel assistance services and concierge services
• Get protection against unauthorized use of your card through $0 fraud liability
• Get special access to premier culinary experiences as well as music and sporting events

• $0 annual fee
• 0% intro APR on purchases and balance transfers for the first 15 months, then 19.24% – 29.24% variable APR after that
• 3% cash back on dining, entertainment, popular streaming services and at grocery stores
• 1% cash back on all other purchases
• Earn a $200 bonus after spending $500 on purchases in the first three months
• Redeem your cash back as a statement credit, as a check or through Amazon.com or PayPal
• Credit rating-dependant APR on purchases
• No foreign transaction fees
• Complimentary travel accident insurance and access to 24-hour travel assistance services
• Complimentary 24-hour access to concierge services
• Purchases made using card protected by extended warranty
• $0 fraud liability to safeguard against fraudulent use

Disclaimer: Credit card offers are constantly changing. We work hard to stay updated with the latest information, but the offers listed on our site may no longer be available.

This card has no annual fee, provides cell phone protection and offers a solid cash back rate: 1% back on all purchases. Students also receive one year free of Amazon Prime Student after spending $500 in the first three billing cycles — a spending requirement many students will likely find easy to meet if they open this account at the start of a new semester.

Finally, this card doesn’t charge any foreign transaction fees, making it ideal for anyone looking to study abroad.

Pros

• Earn 1% cash back on all your purchases
• There is no annual fee or foreign transaction fee
• You will have complimentary Amazon Prime Student for a year
• Complimentary cell phone protection when you use your card to pay your cell phone bill
• Do not need a Social Security Number (SSN) to apply
• Access to Mastercard Platinum benefits

• Students earn 1% cash back on all purchases.
• There’s no annual fee, nor are there foreign transaction fees.
• Cardholders receive Amazon Prime Student for one year.
• Cell phone protection (up to $600) is included when you pay your phone bill with your card.
• Mastercard Platinum benefits, such as rental car insurance, are included.
• Easy-to-use app helps you manage your account and pause access to your card if you misplace it — all on the go.

Disclaimer: Card offers are always changing, and in some cases, the offer listed on our site may no longer be available.

This card offers 1% cash back on all your purchases, which may make paying top dollar for those textbooks slightly easier on the wallet. Paying your bill on time boosts that cash back to a total of 1.25% for the month.

This card has zero foreign transaction fees, which is an excellent feature for international students or those who anticipate studying abroad.

Pros

• Earn 1% cash back on all your purchases, with a jump to 1.25% cash back when you pay your bills on time.
• There is no annual fee or foreign transaction fee.
• After six months, Capital One will reexamine your credit profile to see if you are eligible for a higher credit line. This can give students more purchasing power and flexibility without opening another card.

• Cardholders receive 1% cash back on all purchases.
• Pay your bill on time and receive a 0.25% cash back bonus on top of that.
• $0 fraud liability policy provides peace of mind.
• There are no foreign transaction fees, which is great for travelers.
• You have unlimited access to CreditWise from Capital One so you can check in on your credit profile at any time.
• There’s no cosigner required, although one may be helpful.
• When making purchases online, you can generate virtual card numbers so that your actual card number is kept private.

Disclaimer: We work hard to stay updated with the latest information, but card offers are always changing, and in some cases, the offer listed on our site may no longer be available.

The Capital One Spark Cash Plus is ideal for businesses that wish to earn cash back as it offers 2% cash back on all purchases. It also comes with a sizeable early spend bonus offer through which you can earn up to a $1,000 cash bonus - $500 once you spend $5,000 in the first 3 months, and $500 once you spend $50,000 in the first 6 months.

$500 if you spend $5,000 in the first three months, and an additional $500 once you spend $5,000 in the first 3 months, and $2,500 once you spend $50,000 in the first 6 months of account opening.

Employee cards come at no extra cost. Setting up automatic payments and recurring transactions is possible. You get access to different expense management tools. This card comes with no foreign transaction fees. It charges an annual fee of $150.

Pros

• Early spend bonus offer
• 2% cash back for each purchase with no restrictions on categories or spending limits
• No monthly APR
• Reward points have no expiration date
• No fees for foreign transactions and over-limit spending
• AutoPay available to pre-schedule payments

• The early spend bonus is paid in two tiers: $500 after spending $5,000 within the first three months and an additional $500 when you spend $50,000 within the first six months.
• The annual fee is $150.
• If employee cards are linked, all earn 2% reward points.
• You can use reward points to buy gift cards or to pay for previous purchases.
• You can get an emergency card replacement and a cash advance if your card is lost or stolen.
• You can download purchase records in various formats such as Excel, QuickBooks and Quicken.
• You can download year-end summaries for budgeting and tax-related purposes.

Disclaimer: Credit card offers are constantly changing. We work hard to stay updated with the latest information, but the offers listed on our site may no longer be available.

We recommend the Capital One Spark Miles for Business to businesses that want to earn cash back on their spending. You also get to earn a 50,000 miles early-spend bonus by spending $4,500 on purchases in the first three months.

Booking hotels and rental cars through Capital One Travel comes with 5X miles per dollar. All other purchases earn 2x miles per dollar.

Using this card outside of the U.S. is ideal as it charges no foreign transaction fees. Cardholders get two free visits to Capital One Lounges each year as well as credit toward Global Entry or TSA PreCheck fees.

There is no annual fee to pay for the first year, but you need to pay $95 per year thereafter. Employee cards come at no additional cost.

Pros

• Flat-rate rewards of 2X bonus miles
• No foreign transaction fees
• New cardholder offers
• Free employee cards
• Flexible payments

• Spend $4,500 in the first three months and earn 50,000 bonus miles
• $0 intro annual fee for the first year, $95 per year thereafter
• 2X miles per dollar
• Employee cards
• Set up automatic payments.
• Zero fraud liability
• Year-end itemized summaries for tax and budgeting purposes
• Purchase records in multiple formats
• Virtual card numbers for making safer payments online
• Tracking and monitoring of all cards
• Purchase alerts for all cards
• Lock and unlock cards using mobile app or online banking

Disclaimer: Credit card offers are constantly changing. We work hard to stay updated with the latest information, but the offers listed on our site may no longer be available.

We recommend the Capital One Spark Cash Select - $500 Cash Bonus to people who’re looking for an alternative that comes with 1.5% cash back on all your business purchases.

Using this card outside of the U.S. makes sense as it does not charge overseas transaction fees. Employee cards come at no extra cost. Getting to select your own due date is a plus.

Other benefits include $0 fraud liability, downloadable purchase records, year-end summaries, extended warranty and complimentary roadside assistance.

Pros

• $0 annual fee
• Flat cash back across all categories
• No foreign transaction fees
• Free employee cards

• No annual fees
• 1.5% cash back on all purchases
• No added fees for employee cards with customized spending limits
• Ability to assign account managers
• Purchase records made available in Quicken, QuickBooks and Excel
• $0 fraud liability to safeguard against fraudulent transactions
• Complimentary roadside assistance for all cardholders
• Get additional protection on eligible purchases through extended warranty

Disclaimer: Credit card offers are constantly changing. We work hard to stay updated with the latest information, but the offers listed on our site may no longer be available.

We love The Hilton Honors American Express Business Card not only because it offers a high reward rate for spending at Hilton properties but for its reward rate that applies to other business-specific spending.

You get to earn 165,000 bonus points if you spend $5,000 on purchases in the first three months. The offer ends on 4/5/23.

Using this card at Hilton properties comes with 12X points. It offers 6X points for spending on wireless telephone services purchased directly from U.S. service providers, on flights booked with Amex Travel or directly with airlines, on car rentals booked directly through select companies, on U.S. purchases for shipping, at U.S. gas stations and at U.S. restaurants.

You qualify for a free weekend night reward if you spend $15,000 on eligible purchases in a calendar year. If you spend $60,000 on eligible purchases in a calendar year, you earn a second free weekend night reward.

All cardholders get complimentary Hilton Honors Gold status, which comes with added perks such as daily food & beverage credit (at U.S. hotels) or continental breakfast (at non-U.S. hotels) and availability-based room upgrades.

Your linked Priority Pass Select membership brings with it 10 complimentary airport lounge visits each year. Not having to pay foreign transaction fees may lead to savings when you travel overseas. Other travel benefits include complimentary baggage insurance plan and car rental loss and damage insurance.

Extended warranty and purchase protection are in place to safeguard your business purchases. You may choose to get additional employee cards, and you also get access to different expense management tools.

Pros

• Ability to earn considerable bonus points
• High reward rates across multiple categories
• Complimentary Hilton Honors Gold status
• Spend-based free night rewards
• No foreign transaction fees
• Additional employee cards
• Dedicated account manager
• Integration with QuickBooks and year-end expense summaries

• Earn 165,000 bonus points if you spend $5,000 on purchases in the first three months. The offer ends on 4/5/23.
• Spending at properties within the Hilton portfolio comes with 12X points.
• You earn 6X points at U.S. restaurants, at U.S. gas stations, on wireless telephone service purchased directly from U.S. service providers, on U.S. purchases for shipping, on car rentals booked directly through select companies and on flights that you book through Amex Travel or directly with airlines.
• You earn 3X points on all other purchases.
• Any additional employee cards you get earn reward points as well.
• If you spend $15,000 on purchases in a calendar year, you earn a free night reward.
• If you spend a total of $60,000 on purchases in a calendar year, you earn an additional free night reward.
• By enrolling in the Priority Pass Select program, you get 10 complimentary airport lounge visits each year.
• Safeguard your travels and purchases through car rental loss and damage insurance, baggage insurance plan, purchase protection and extended warranty.

Disclaimer: Credit card offers are constantly changing. We work hard to stay updated with the latest information, but the offers listed on our site may no longer be available.

We recommend the Costco Anywhere Visa® Business Card by Citi for small businesses that are Costco members and are looking for a no-annual-fee card. Category-based spending lets you earn up to 4% cash back. You may redeem the cash back you earn at Costco Warehouses across the U.S. This card also comes with a competitive APR for purchases.

Using this card when traveling outside of the U.S. makes sense as it does not charge any international transaction fees.

Purchases you make using this card receive cover through extended warranty as well as damage and theft purchase protection.

Cardholders may also use the Citi Entertainment and Citi Concierge services to good effect.

Pros

• Pay no annual fees
• Pay no foreign transaction fees
• Earn 4% cash back on all gas purchases globally for up to $7,000 in spending per year, and 1% thereafter
• Earn 3% cash back when spending at restaurants and on eligible travel purchases globally
• Earn 2% cash back on all non-gas related purchases at Costco and Costco.com
• Earn 1% cash back on all other purchases
• Redeem cash back for cash or merchandise at Costco Warehouses across the U.S. and Puerto Rico
• Competitive APR for purchases
• Fraud early warning to safeguard your account
• Extended warranty and damage and theft purchase protection to safeguard your purchases
• Access to presale tickets and special events via Citi Entertainment
• 24/7 access to Citi Concierge

• $0 annual fee
• Competitive APR for purchases
• 4% cash back on spending of up to $7,000 per year on all gas purchases globally, and 1% thereafter
• 3% cash back on spending at restaurants and on eligible travel purchases worldwide
• All purchases at Costco and Costco.com (other than gas) come with 2% cash back
• Spending across all other categories gets you 1% cash back
• Redeem earned cash back for merchandise or cash at any Costco warehouse in the U.S. and Puerto Rico
• No foreign transaction fees
• Complimentary extended warranty and damage and theft purchase protection
• Complimentary access to Citi Concierge and Citi Entertainment
• Fraud early warning in case of suspicious activity

Disclaimer: Credit card offers are constantly changing. We work hard to stay updated with the latest information, but the offers listed on our site may no longer be available.

Even though the SkyMiles Platinum Business Card comes with a $250 annual fee, it may work well for business owners who use Delta frequently. The welcome offer for new cardholders lets you earn 95,000 Bonus Miles if you spend $4,000 on purchases in the first three months. The offer expires on 03/29/2023.

Purchases made directly with Delta and hotels come with 3X miles. Eligible purchases of over $5,000 come with 1.5X miles, for up to a total of 50,000 additional miles per year. All other purchases come with 1X miles.

Some of the other benefits you may look forward to including an annual companion certificate, priority boarding, no foreign transaction fees and travel insurance coverage."

Pros

• No foreign transaction fees
• Status boost
• Earn miles
• Priority boarding
• Free checked bag

• 3X miles for purchases made directly with Delta and hotels 1.5X miles for eligible purchases of over $5,000 (up to an additional 50,000 miles per year)
• 1X miles for all other purchases
• In-flight savings
• Companion certificate
• Global Entry or TSA PreCheck fee credit
• Trip delay insurance
• Baggage insurance plan
• Car rental loss and damage insurance
• 24/7 customer service
• Extended warranty for covered purchases
• Purchase protection against theft and accidental damage for up to 90 days from the date of purchase
• Dispute resolution for fraudulent and incorrect charges

Disclaimer: Credit card offers are constantly changing. We work hard to stay updated with the latest information, but the offers listed on our site may no longer be available.